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Application methods

Live vaccines are usually applied by mass vaccination. Inactivated vaccines usually have to be given individually to each bird.

Live vaccines

Oculo-nasal method -In general gives the best response but it is labour intensive and time consuming.
Spray vaccination - A good alternative to the oculo-nasal method.
Drinking water - Vaccination through the drinking water is the least reliable application method.

Inactivated vaccines can only be given by injection. The vaccine should be allowed to reach room temperature (15°C to 25°C) before application.

Inactivated vaccines are given by individual injection to each bird.